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1710
 
     
25-year-old George Berkeley attacks Locke in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge        
1714
 
    
In his Monadology Leibniz describes a universe consisting of forceful interactive parts that he calls 'monads'       
1739
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld     
David Hume publishes his Treatise of Human Nature, in which he applies to the human mind the principles of experimental science       
David Hume, glass medallion by Tassie, c.1761
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1762
 
Narrative history in HistoryWorld      
Two books in this year, Émile and Du Contrat Social, prompt orders for the arrest of Jean-Jacques Rousseau        
1781
 
    
German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes the first of his three 'critiques', The Critique of Pure Reason       
1789
 
    
In his Principles Jeremy Bentham defines 'utility' as that which enhances pleasure and reduces pain       
Jeremy Bentham, by Pickersgill, 1829
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1794
 
    
In his Science of Knowledge Johann Gottlieb Fichte contrasts the I, or Ego, and its opposing non-I, or non-Ego       
1807
 
     
In Phenomenology of Spirit Friedrich Hegel interprets history as the advance of the human mind, often through thesis, antithesis and synthesis        
1809
 
    
French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck argues in Zoological Philosophy that creatures can inherit acquired characteristics       
1818
 
    
In The World as Will and Idea Schopenhauer develops the bleakest possible view of the effects of the human will